Executive summary
The launch corpus documents binding and adopted AI instruments across supranational, national and subnational jurisdictions using official legal and government sources. It includes horizontal risk-based regulation, national AI framework law, public-facing generative-AI rules, frontier-model transparency duties and an international treaty framework.
The report does not treat every policy announcement as legislation. Instrument type, legal status, adoption date, effective date, compliance deadline, affected actors and enforcement arrangements are stored separately. Counts in the charts are generated from verified records in the live corpus and do not claim exhaustive global legislative coverage.
Regulatory instruments and legal form
The comparison separates laws, regulations, policies, executive instruments, codes of practice and treaty frameworks rather than treating every policy announcement as binding law. Instrument labels follow the official source and are normalized only to support filtering.
A treaty opened for signature is recorded as adopted at the international level. The record does not infer ratification, domestic implementation or direct effect in an individual jurisdiction unless those facts have their own official evidence.
Compliance deadlines and Observatory events
Deadlines are attached to the instrument and official source that establishes them. Completed events and upcoming deadlines are presented separately in the Observatory. The report chart counts only verified timeline records and does not infer dates that are absent from the legal source.
Organizations should confirm applicability against the controlling text because staged rules can apply by actor, system category or obligation on different dates. Report summaries are research information, not legal advice.
Scope and affected actors
Provider, deployer, importer, distributor, product manufacturer and sector-specific duties are represented independently where official texts make those distinctions. Territorial scope, system category and threshold definitions remain attributes of the relevant instrument rather than universal platform labels.
The same organization may have different roles across products or jurisdictions. Entity relationships support those distinctions without converting a corporate profile into an applicability determination.
Legal status and temporal validity
Status is a time-dependent field. Adoption, publication, entry into force and application deadlines may occur on different dates. The current status is therefore stored alongside the dated timeline events from which readers can reconstruct the implementation sequence.
When an amendment changes a deadline, the current record reflects the verified amendment and retains the earlier source version for provenance. A future compliance date does not change an otherwise in-force instrument into a proposal.
Oversight and enforcement evidence
The corpus records the authority named by the official source, the available enforcement summary and any verified penalty framework. A statutory power is evidence of legal authority; it is not evidence that the power has been exercised. Enforcement actions and incidents are represented as separate records and linked to the relevant entities and sources.
Limits of cross-jurisdiction comparison
Instrument counts indicate the composition of the verified launch corpus, not regulatory maturity. One comprehensive law and several narrow rules cannot be compared by volume alone. The Index uses indicator-level evidence and a separate methodology rather than converting the number of legal instruments into a country score.
The report omits unverified media claims, unofficial consolidated texts and inferred implementation dates. Coverage expands only when eligible sources pass review.
Charts and data
- Adopted
- 1
- In force
- 4
Verified regulatory instruments grouped by current legal status.
- Law
- 3
- Regulation
- 2
Verified regulatory instruments grouped by legal form.
- Verified instruments
- 5
- Jurisdictions represented
- 5
- Completed regulatory events
- 6
- Upcoming deadlines
- 2
5 verified instruments span 5 jurisdictions, with 6 completed regulatory events and 2 upcoming deadlines.
Methodology
Legal records are derived from official legislation databases, treaty organizations and government publications. Tier 1 legal text controls when a summary conflicts with commentary. Each record must retain an official identifier where available, jurisdiction, instrument type, status, requirements summary, source date and verification status.
Proposed, adopted, in-force, suspended, repealed and superseded instruments remain distinct. Later amendments update the current implementation timeline while earlier source versions remain archived. Cross-jurisdiction comparison is descriptive: a count of instruments does not measure regulatory quality, enforcement strength or Index performance.
References
- Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 — Artificial Intelligence ActEuropean Union · Tier 1 · Jul 12, 2024
- AI Omnibus enters into forceEuropean Commission · Tier 1 · Jul 27, 2026
- Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of LawCouncil of Europe · Tier 1 · Sep 5, 2024
- The AI Basic Act Comes into ForceMinistry of Science and ICT, Republic of Korea · Tier 1 · Jan 22, 2026
- SB-53 Artificial intelligence models: large developersCalifornia Legislative Information · Tier 1 · Sep 29, 2025
- Interim Measures for the Management of Generative Artificial Intelligence ServicesCyberspace Administration of China · Tier 1 · Jul 13, 2023